Zakat fitrah is not the only practice of zakat that Muslims should practice. Unfortunately, another form of zakat is often forgotten, namely zakat mal or zakat on wealth.
Zakat fitrah is not the only practice of zakat that Muslims should practice. Unfortunately, another form of zakat is often forgotten, namely zakat mal or zakat on wealth. As the name implies, zakat mal or zakat on wealth is a type of zakat that must be excluded from the current property. Of course, there are several main requirements, one of them must obtain the property in a way that does not violate religious provisions. Not just any property, there are provisions for the type of property that must be issued for zakat. According to the National Amyl Zakat Agency or Baznas, here are the types of property that must pay zakat.
Types of Wealth that Must Be Issued for Zakat: Gold and Silver
Gold and silver are included in one of the types of wealth that must be issued zakat. It can differentiate in the form of deductions or the form of money. This gold and silver zakat is only mandatory when it has reached nisab and has been owned for one haul or a year. Not only that, the owner of the gold and silver must also be able to meet basic needs and be clean from all kinds of debts.
The calculation of gold zakat is when the gold nisab has reached around 20 dinars or IDR 958,000. Meanwhile, if the gold ownership has a haul with a nominal value of 20 dinars, then the total zakat mal that must be issued is around 2.5 percent. Meanwhile, the nisab amount of silver is 200 dirhams, equivalent to IDR 784,900. If it has reached nisab, the zakat mal that must be issued is 2.5 percent.
Types of Wealth that Must Be Issued for Zakat: Receivables
Another type of wealth is zakat receivables. For the expenditure of this zakat, the opinions of experts and scholars of Islam are divided into 2:
- The schools of Ali, Tsauri, Abu Tsaur, Hanabilah, and Hanafiyah expressed the first opinion. These scholars argue that zakat receivables are charged to a person who receives the dependents of the receivables and is willing to pay them.
- Meanwhile, Ishaq, Abu Tsaur, Hanafiyah, and Qatadah have different opinions. They argue that zakat receivables are not mandatory. The zakat cannot be taken and used by the owner.
Types of Wealth that Must Be Issued for Zakat: Jewelry
Many think jewelry ownership is also mandatory, accompanied by the obligation to pay zakat on wealth. However, it turns out that this is not true. Zakat on wealth in the form of jewelry must only be applied if the jewelry is used as a commercial item or traded. Meanwhile, if you have jewelry as a collection, the treasure is not subject to the burden of being disposed of.
Dowry
The dowry given from the groom to the bride is not required to be issued as zakat. At the very least, this is what Abu Hanifah put forward. The reason is that dowry is a reward with no zakat obligation. Unlike kitabah money, it was money that an enslaved person had to pay to his master so that he could be free. Meanwhile, Shafi’i scholars argue that the bride still has to give her dowry property when she reaches the haul. Regardless of whether she had sex with her husband or not.
Commerce
Another type of wealth that must be issued for zakat is business zakat. If the property has reached the haul, it must pay this type of zakat. If the donors want to pay this type of zakat, they must calculate it at the end of the year and issue it as much as 2.5 percent of the yield value.
Thus are explanations of the types of wealth that must issue for zakat. Hopefully, this information will provide enlightenment. Donors who want to get convenience in paying zakat mal can distribute the zakat through Dompet Dhuafa. This charity also serves the distribution of zakat malls to groups of people who need them. Donors will also get details of zakat mall fund distribution transparently. So, doing charity with Dompet Dhuafa is guaranteed to feel very enjoyable.